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Polyacrylamide for Water Treatment CAS NO.9003-05-8
- FOB Price: USD: 2,200.00-2,750.00 /Metric Ton Get Latest Price
- Min.Order: 20 Metric Ton
- Payment Terms: T/T
- Available Specifications:
Industry Grade(10-20)Metric TonIndustry Grade(21-40)Metric Ton
- Product Details
Keywords
- Polyacrylamide
- Polyacrylamide for water treatment
- Polyacrylamide crystal / powder
Quick Details
- ProName: Polyacrylamide for Water Treatment
- CasNo: 9003-05-8
- Molecular Formula: (C3H5NO)n
- Application: water treatment
- DeliveryTime: 30 days
- PackAge: Packed in bag
- Port: Qingdao
- ProductionCapacity: 100 Metric Ton/Day
- Purity: 99%
- Transportation: Ship by Sea
- LimitNum: 20 Metric Ton
- Grade: Industrial Grade
Superiority
Polyacrylamide, an acrylic resin that has the unique property of being soluble in water. It is employed in the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater.
Polyacrylamides are produced by the polymerization of acrylamide (C3H5NO), a compound obtained by the hydration of acrylonitrile. Acrylamide is usually dissolved in water; it has toxic effects on the nervous system and must be handled under special protective procedures. The dissolved monomers (single-unit molecules) are induced to polymerize (link together to form large, multiple-unit molecules) through the action of free-radical initiators. In the resultant polymer, the acrylamide repeating unit has the following structure:.
Polyacrylamide does not have the toxic effects of acrylamide monomer. The polymer is hydrophilic (displays an affinity for water) and can form aqueous solutions of very high concentration. Because of their gel-like properties, these solutions are employed as flocculants in the removal of suspended particles from sewage and industrial effluents (e.g., wastewater from paper mills). Through the highly reactive amide (NH2) group, the polymer can be chemically modified to produce positively charged cationic polymer or negatively charged anionic polymer. Ionic polymers are especially useful in separating metals from residues in various mineral-processing and metallurgical operations.
APPLICATIONS
Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and its sodium salts (APAM) are widely used as thickening agent, binder, super absorbent, soil conditioner, filtering aid, flocculating agent, crosslinker, suspending agent, lubricant, and oil recovery agent. One of its largest uses is waste water treatment. When added to waste water, it causes suspended particles to aggregate and to precipitate. In municipal and industrial waste water treatment it can be used in all liquid-solid separation processes including primary sewage treatment. PAMs are also used to treat water from mineral mining operations. Another common use is oil extraction and recovery. When water is injected into the well, PAM assists in pushing oil locked in reservoirs towards the pump by increasing the viscosity of the injected water.
Cationic polyacrylamides (CPAM) are used for emulsion breaking, and for promoting filtration and sludge dewatering. The primary use is waste water treatment. As a primary organic coagulant, it neutralizes negatively charged colloidal particles and thus induces flocculation and sedimentation which reduces sludge volume. In paper mills, it is mainly used to enhance retention and dewatering.
Another low volume but important use of anionic and cationic polyacrylamides is gel electrophoresis for macromolecule separation. When an electic field is applied across a PAM gel, the (negatively) charged proteins or nucleic acids migrate across the gel away towards the positive electrode. Since the mobility depends on the charge and size of the molecules, each molecule species migrates differently through the gel matrix.
Details
Polyacylamides are high molecular weight water soluble or swellable polymers formed from acrylamide or its derivatives. Their glass transition temperature is well above room temperature (> 400 K). The only commercially important polyacrylamide is poly(2-propenamide) which is simply called polyacrylamide or PAM [-CH2CH(CONH2)-]. It is a non-ionic, watersoluble, and biocompatible polymer that can be tailored to meet a broad range of applications. The polymer can be synthesized as a simple linear chain or as a cross-linked structure. PAM increases the viscosity of water and encourages the flocculation of particles present in water. The cross-linked polymer can absorb and retain extemely large amounts of water because the amide groups form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The hydrated PAM is a soft gel that is used in gel electrophoresis and as a super water-absorbing polymer (SAP's). Even though these polymers are called polyacrylamide, they are often copolymers of acrylamide and one or more other monomers. The most important co-monomer is acrylic acid or sodiumacrylate. Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and its sodium salt are anionic polymers which are more effective as flocculant and water absorber.
Very few other polyacrylamides have found industrial applications. Noteworthy are poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA), poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC), and poly(acrylooxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDAC) and copolymers thereof. PDMDAAC and PDAC are cationic polymers that can break emulsions and induce flocculation. As a primary organic coagulant, they neutralize negatively charged colloidal material and reduces sludge volume compared with inorganic coagulants. Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) is useful as a chain transfer agent (CTA) and as a functionalized polymer. DMA is sometimes copolymerized with styrene and butadiene or with methylmethacrylate.
PAMs polymerize in the presence of free radicals. A typical initiator is ammonium persulfate and a typical stabilizer tetramethylethylenediamine. The most common crosslinker is bisacrylamide. The polymerization reaction creates a high molecular weight polymer or gel.
APPLICATIONS
Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and its sodium salts (APAM) are widely used as thickening agent, binder, super absorbent, soil conditioner, filtering aid, flocculating agent, crosslinker, suspending agent, lubricant, and oil recovery agent. One of its largest uses is waste water treatment. When added to waste water, it causes suspended particles to aggregate and to precipitate. In municipal and industrial waste water treatment it can be used in all liquid-solid separation processes including primary sewage treatment. PAMs are also used to treat water from mineral mining operations. Another common use is oil extraction and recovery. When water is injected into the well, PAM assists in pushing oil locked in reservoirs towards the pump by increasing the viscosity of the injected water.
Cationic polyacrylamides (CPAM) are used for emulsion breaking, and for promoting filtration and sludge dewatering. The primary use is waste water treatment. As a primary organic coagulant, it neutralizes negatively charged colloidal particles and thus induces flocculation and sedimentation which reduces sludge volume. In paper mills, it is mainly used to enhance retention and dewatering.
Another low volume but important use of anionic and cationic polyacrylamides is gel electrophoresis for macromolecule separation. When an electic field is applied across a PAM gel, the (negatively) charged proteins or nucleic acids migrate across the gel away towards the positive electrode. Since the mobility depends on the charge and size of the molecules, each molecule species migrates differently through the gel matrix.